1.Akhavan, O., et al.,

Hydrogen-rich water for green reduction of graphene oxide suspensions.

International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 2015. 40(16): p. 5553-5560.



2.Berjak, P., et al.,

Cathodic amelioration of the adverse effects of oxidative stress accompanying procedures necessary for cryopreservation of embryonic axes of recalcitrant-seeded species.

Seed Science Research, 2011. 21(3): p. 187-203.



3.Hanaoka, K.,

Antioxidant effects of reduced water produced by electrolysis of sodium chloride solutions.

Journal of Applied Electrochemistry, 2001. 31(12): p. 1307-1313.



4.Hanaoka, K., et al.,

The mechanism of the enhanced antioxidant effects against superoxide anion radicals of reduced water produced by electrolysis.

Biophysical Chemistry, 2004. 107(1): p. 71-82.



5.Hiraoka, A., et al.,

In Vitro Physicochemical Properties of Neutral Aqueous Solution Systems (Water Products as Drinks) Containing Hydrogen Gas, 2-Carboxyethyl Germanium Sesquioxide, and Platinum Nanocolloid as Additives.

Journal of Health Science, 2010. 56(2): p. 167-174.



6.Hiraoka, A., et al.,

Studies on the properties and real existence of aqueous solution systems that are assumed to have antioxidant activities by the action of "active hydrogen"

'. Journal of Health Science, 2004. 50(5): p. 456-465.



7.Kato, S., D. Matsuoka, and N. Miwa,

Antioxidant activities of nano-bubble hydrogen-dissolved water assessed by ESR and 2, 2′-bipyridyl methods.

Materials Science and Engineering:, 2015. C 53: p. 7-10.



8.Lee, M.Y., et al.,

Electrolyzed-reduced water protects against oxidative damage to DNA, RNA, and protein.

Appl Biochem Biotechnol, 2006. 135(2): p. 133-44.



9.Ohsawa, I., et al.,

Hydrogen acts as a therapeutic antioxidant by selectively reducing cytotoxic oxygen radicals.

Nat Med, 2007. 13(6): p. 688-694.



10.Ohta, S.,

Molecular hydrogen as a novel antioxidant: overview of the advantages of hydrogen for medical applications.

Methods Enzymol, 2015. 555: p. 289-317.



11.Park, E.J., et al.,

Protective effect of electrolyzed reduced water on the paraquat-induced oxidative damage of human lymphocyte DNA.

Journal of the Korean Society for Applied



Biological Chemistry, 2005. 48(2): p. 155-160.



12.Park, S.K., et al.,

Electrolyzed-reduced water confers increased resistance to environmental stresses.

Molecular & Cellular Toxicology, 2012. 8(3): p. 241-247.



13.Park, S.K. and S.K. Park,

Electrolyzed-reduced water increases resistance to oxidative stress, fertility, and lifespan via insulin/IGF-1-like signal in C. elegans.

Biol Res, 2013. 46(2): p. 147-52.



14.Penders, J., R. Kissner, and W.H. Koppenol,

ONOOH does not react with H2

. Free Radic Biol Med, 2014.



15.Qian, L., et al.,

Administration of hydrogen-rich saline protects mice from lethal acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD)

. Transplantation, 2013. 95(5): p. 658-62.



16.Shi, Q.H., et al.,

Hydrogen Therapy Reduces Oxidative Stress-associated Risks Following Acute and Chronic Exposure to High-altitude Environment

. Biomed Environ Sci, 2015. 28(3): p. 239-41.



17.Shirahata, S., et al.,

Electrolyzed-reduced water scavenges active oxygen species and protects DNA from oxidative damage.

Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, 1997. 234(1): p. 269-274.



18.Yan, H., et al.,

Mechanism of the lifespan extension of Caenorhabditis elegans by electrolyzed reduced water–participation of Pt nanoparticles.

Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry, 2011. 75(7): p. 1295-9.



19.Yan, H., et al.,

electrolyzed reduced water prolongs caenorhabditis elegans lifespan, in Animal Cell Technology: Basic & Applied Aspects.

2010, Springer Netherlands. p. 289-293.



20.Yan, H.X., et al.,

Extension of the Lifespan of Caenorhabditis elegans by the Use of Electrolyzed Reduced Water.

Bioscience Biotechnology and Biochemistry, 2010. 74(10): p. 2011-2015.



21.Yanagihara, T., et al.,

Electrolyzed hydrogen-saturated water for drinking use elicits an antioxidative effect: a feeding test with rats.

Biosci Biotechnol Biochem, 2005. 69(10): p. 1985-7.

22.Cai, W.W., et al.,

Treatment with hydrogen molecule alleviates TNFalpha-induced cell injury in osteoblast

. Mol Cell Biochem, 2013. 373(1-2): p. 1-9.



23.Fujita, R., et al.,

Effect of molecular hydrogen saturated alkaline electrolyzed water on disuse muscle atrophy in gastrocnemius muscle.

Journal of Physiological Anthropology, 2011. 30(5): p. 195-201.



24.Guo, J.D., et al.,

Hydrogen water consumption prevents osteopenia in ovariectomized rats.

Br J Pharmacol, 2013. 168(6): p. 1412-20.



25.Hanaoka, T., et al.,

Molecular hydrogen protects chondrocytes from oxidative stress and indirectly alters gene expressions through reducing peroxynitrite derived from nitric oxide

. Medical Gas Research, 2011. 1(1): p. 18.



26.Itoh, T., et al.,

Molecular hydrogen inhibits lipopolysaccharide/interferon gamma-induced nitric oxide production through modulation of signal transduction in macrophages

. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, 2011. 411(1): p. 143-9.



27.Kawasaki, H., J.J. Guan, and K. Tamama,

Hydrogen gas treatment prolongs replicative lifespan of bone marrow multipotential stromal cells in vitro while preserving differentiation and paracrine potentials.

Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, 2010. 397(3): p. 608-613.



28.Kubota, M., et al.,

Hydrogen and N-acetyl-L-cysteine rescue oxidative stress-induced angiogenesis in a mouse corneal alkali-burn model.

Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science, 2011. 52(1): p. 427-33.



29.Lekic, T., et al.,

Protective effect of hydrogen gas therapy after germinal matrix hemorrhage in neonatal rats.

Acta Neurochir Suppl, 2011. 111: p. 237-41.



30.Li, D.Z., et al.,

Treatment with hydrogen molecules prevents RANKL-induced osteoclast differentiation associated with inhibition of ROS formation and inactivation of MAPK, AKT and NF-kappa B pathways in murine RAW264.7 cells

. J Bone Miner Metab, 2013.



31.Sun, Y., et al.,

Treatment of hydrogen molecule abates oxidative stress and alleviates bone loss induced by modeled microgravity in rats.

Osteoporos Int, 2013. 24(3): p. 969-78.



32.Takeuchi, S., et al.,

Hydrogen may inhibit collagen-induced platelet aggregation: an ex vivo and in vivo study.

Internal Medicine, 2012. 51(11): p. 1309-13.



33.Xu, Z., et al.,

Anti-inflammation effects of hydrogen saline in LPS activated macrophages and carrageenan induced paw oedema

. J Inflamm (Lond), 2012. 9: p. 2.



34.Yuan, L., et al.,

Administration of hydrogen-rich saline in mice with allogeneic hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation

. Med Sci Monit, 2015. 21: p. 749-54.

35.Bari, F., et al.,

Inhalation of Hydrogen Gas Protects Cerebrovascular Reactivity Against Moderate but Not Severe Perinatal Hypoxic Injury in Newborn Piglets.

Stroke, 2010. 41(4): p. E323-E323.



36.Cui, Y., et al.,

Hydrogen-rich saline attenuates neuronal ischemia-reperfusion injury by protecting mitochondrial function in rats.

J Surg Res, 2014.



37.Dohi, K., et al.,

Molecular Hydrogen in Drinking Water Protects against Neurodegenerative Changes Induced by Traumatic Brain Injury.

PLoS One, 2014. 9(9): p. e108034.



38.Domoki, F., et al.,

Hydrogen is Neuroprotective and Preserves Cerebrovascular Reactivity in Asphyxiated Newborn Pigs.

Pediatric Research, 2010. 68(5): p. 387-392.



39.Eckermann, J.M., et al.,

Hydrogen is neuroprotective against surgically induced brain injury.

Medical Gas Research, 2011. 1(1): p. 7.



40.Feng, Y., et al.,

Hydrogen-rich saline prevents early neurovascular dysfunction resulting from inhibition of oxidative stress in STZ-diabetic rats.

Curr Eye Res, 2013. 38(3): p. 396-404.



41.Fu, Y., et al.,

Molecular hydrogen is protective against 6-hydroxydopamine-induced nigrostriatal degeneration in a rat model of Parkinson's disease.

Neuroscience Letters, 2009. 453: p. 81–85.



42.Fujita, K., et al.,

Hydrogen in drinking water reduces dopaminergic neuronal loss in the 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine mouse model of Parkinson's disease.

PLoS One, 2009. 4(9): p. e7247.



43.Gu, Y., et al.,

Drinking Hydrogen Water Ameliorated Cognitive Impairment in Senescence-Accelerated Mice.

Journal of Clinical Biochemistry and Nutrition, 2010. 46(3): p. 269-276.



44.Han, L., et al.,

Hydrogen-rich water protects against ischemic brain injury in rats by regulating calcium buffering proteins.

Brain Res, 2015.



45.Hong, Y., et al.,

Beneficial effect of hydrogen-rich saline on cerebral vasospasm after experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage in rats.

J Neurosci Res, 2012. 90(8): p. 1670-80.



46.Hong, Y., et al.,

Neuroprotective effect of hydrogen-rich saline against neurologic damage and apoptosis in early brain injury following subarachnoid hemorrhage: possible role of the Akt/GSK3beta signaling pathway.

PLoS One, 2014. 9(4): p. e96212.



47.Hou, Z., et al.,

Hydrogen-rich saline protects against oxidative damage and cognitive deficits after mild traumatic brain injury.

Brain Res Bull, 2012. 88(6): p. 560-5.



48.Huang, G., et al.,

The neuroprotective effects of intraperitoneal injection of hydrogen in rabbits with cardiac arrest.

Resuscitation, 2013. 84(5): p. 690-5.



49.Hugyecz, M., et al.,

Hydrogen supplemented air inhalation reduces changes of prooxidant enzyme and gap junction protein levels after transient global cerebral ischemia in the rat hippocampus.

Brain Research, 2011. 1404: p. 31-8.



50.Ito, M., et al.,

Drinking hydrogen water and intermittent hydrogen gas exposure, but not lactulose or continuous hydrogen gas exposure, prevent 6-hydorxydopamine-induced Parkinson's disease in rats.

Med Gas Res, 2012. 2(1): p. 15.

91.Akhavan, K.K., Masayuki Mizumoto, Yutaka Tagawa, Yoichi Masiko,

Influence of Hydrogen Discharged from Palladium Base Hydrogen Storage Alloys on Cancer Cells

. Materials Science Forum, 2012. 706: p. 520-525.



91.Asada, R., et al.,

Antitumor effects of nano-bubble hydrogen-dissolved water are enhanced by coexistent platinum colloid and the combined hyperthermia with apoptosis-like cell death.

Oncol Rep, 2010. 24(6): p. 1463-70.



92.Chen, Y., et al.,

On the antitumor properties of biomedical magnesium metal.

Journal of Materials Chemistry B, 2015. 3(5): p. 849-858.



93.Dole, M., F.R. Wilson, and W.P. Fife,

Hyperbaric hydrogen therapy: a possible treatment for cancer.

Science, 1975. 190(4210): p. 152-4.



94.Jun, Y., et al.,

Suppression of invasion of cancer cells and angiogenesis by electrolyzed reduced water.

In Vitro Cellular & Developmental Biology-Animal, 2004. 40: p. 79A-79A.



95.Kinjo, T., et al.,

Suppressive effects of electrochemically reduced water on matrix metalloproteinase-2 activities and in vitro invasion of human fibrosarcoma HT1080 cells.

Cytotechnology, 2012. 64(3): p. 357-371.



96.Komatsu, T., Katakura, Y., Teruya, K., Otsubo, K., Morisawa, S., & and S. Shirahata,

Electrolyzed reduced water induces differentiation in K-562 human leukemia cells.

Animal cell technology: Basic & applied aspects, 2003: p. 387-391.



97.LEE, K.-J., et al.,

Anticancer Effect of Alkaline Reduced Water.

J Int Soc Life Inf Sci, 2004. 22(2): p. 302-305.



98.Matsushita, T., et al.,

Investigation of protective effect of hydrogen-rich water against cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity in rats using blood oxygenation level-dependent magnetic resonance imaging.

Jpn J Radiol, 2011. 29(7): p. 503-12.



99.Matsuzaki, M., et al.,

Mechanism of Cancer Cell Death Induced by Hydrogen Discharged from Palladium Base Hydrogen Storage Alloy

, in Materials Science and Chemical Engineering 2013. p. 284-290.



100.Motoishi, A., et al.,

Influence of Active Hydrogen Discharged from Palladium-Nickel Alloy Powder on Biological Cells.

Advanced Materials Research, 2013. 669: p. 273-278.



101.Nakanishi, K., et al.,

growth suppression of HL60 and L6 cells by atomic hydrogen,

in Animal Cell Technology: Basic & Applied Aspects, . 2010, Springer Netherlands. p. 323-325.



102.Nakashima-Kamimura, N., et al.,

Molecular hydrogen alleviates nephrotoxicity induced by an anti-cancer drug cisplatin without compromising anti-tumor activity in mice.

Cancer Chemother Pharmacol, 2009.



103.Nan, M., C. Yangmei, and Y. Bangcheng,

Magnesium metal-A potential biomaterial with antibone cancer properties.

J Biomed Mater Res A, 2014. 102(8): p. 2644-51.



104.Nishikawa, H., et al.,

Suppression of two-stage cell transformation by electrolyzed reduced water containing platinum nanoparticles,

in Animal Cell Technology: Basic & Applied Aspects. 2006, Springer Netherlands. p. 113-119.



105.Nishikawa, R., et al.,

Electrolyzed Reduced Water Supplemented with Platinum Nanoparticles Suppresses Promotion of Two-stage Cell Transformation.

Cytotechnology, 2005. 47(1-3): p. 97-105.



106.Nishikawa, R., et al.,

Suppression of two-stage cell transformation by electrolyzed reduced water/platinum nanocolloids.

In Vitro Cellular & Developmental Biology-Animal, 2004. 40: p. 79A-79A.



107.Roberts, B.J., et al.,

Response of five established solid transplantable mouse tumors and one mouse leukemia to hyperbaric hydrogen

. Cancer Treat Rep, 1978. 62(7): p. 1077-9.



108.Runtuwene, J., et al.,

Hydrogen-water enhances 5-fluorouracil-induced inhibition of colon cancer

. PeerJ, 2015. 3: p. e859.



109.Shirahata, S.K., K. Kusumoto, M. Gotoh, K. Teruya, K. Otsubo, J. S. Morisawa, H. Hayashi, K. Katakura,

Electrolyzed Reduced Water Which Can Scavenge Active Oxygen Species Suppresses Cell Growth and Regulates Gene Expression of Animal Cells.

New Developments and New Applications in Animal Cell Technology, 2002: p. 93-96.



110.Saitoh, Y., et al.,

Neutral pH Hydrogen-Enriched Electrolyzed Water Achieves Tumor-Preferential Clonal Growth Inhibition Over Normal Cells and Tumor Invasion Inhibition Concurrently With Intracellular Oxidant Repression.

Oncology Research, 2008. 17(6): p. 247-255.



111.Saitoh, Y., et al.,

Platinum nanocolloid-supplemented hydrogen dissolved water inhibits growth of human tongue carcinoma cells preferentially over normal cells.

Exp Oncol, 2009. 31(3): p. 156-62.



112.Tsai, C.F., et al.,

Enhanced induction of mitochondrial damage and apoptosis in human leukemia HL-60 cells due to electrolyzed-reduced water and glutathione.

Biosci Biotechnol Biochem, 2009. 73(2): p. 280-7.



113.Ye, J., et al.,

Inhibitory effect of electrolyzed reduced water on tumor angiogenesis.

Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin, 2008. 31(1): p. 19-26.

114.Chen, L., et al.,

Hydrogen-Saturated Saline Protects Intensive Narrow Band Noise-Induced Hearing Loss in Guinea Pigs through an Antioxidant Effect.

PLoS One, 2014. 9(6): p. e100774.



115.Feng, M., et al.,

Protective effect of saturated hydrogen saline against blue light-induced retinal damage in rats.

Int J Ophthalmol, 2012. 5(2): p. 151-7.



116.Huang, L., et al.,

Hydrogen saline treatment attenuates hyperoxia-induced retinopathy by inhibition of oxidative stress and reduction of VEGF expression.

Ophthalmic Res, 2012. 47(3): p. 122-7.



117.Kashiwagi, T., et al.,

Suppression of glutamate-induced neural cell death by electrolyzed-reduced water, in Animal Cell Technology: Basic & Applied Aspects.

2004, Springer Netherlands. p. 105-109.



118.Kikkawa, Y.S., et al.,

Hydrogen protects auditory hair cells from free radicals.

Neuroreport, 2009. 20(7): p. 689-94.



119.Kurioka, T., et al.,

Inhaled hydrogen gas therapy for prevention of noise-induced hearing loss through reducing reactive oxygen species.

Neurosci Res, 2014.



120.Lin, Y., et al.,

Hydrogen in drinking water attenuates noise-induced hearing loss in guinea pigs.

Neuroscience Letters, 2011. 487(1): p. 12-16.



121.Moossavi, A., F. Bagheri, and H.R. Farkhani,

Capabilities of hydrogen Molecules for use in the prevention and treatment in noise induced hearing loss.

Rehabilitation Medicine 2014. 2(4).



122.Oharazawa, H., et al.,

Protection of the Retina by Rapid Diffusion of Hydrogen: Administration of Hydrogen-Loaded Eye Drops in Retinal Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury.

Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science, 2010. 51(1): p. 487-492.



123.Qu, J., et al.,

Inhalation of hydrogen gas attenuates ouabain-induced auditory neuropathy in gerbils.

Acta Pharmacologica Sinica, 2012. 33(4): p. 445-451.



124.Qu, J., et al.,

Inhalation of hydrogen gas attenuates cisplatin-induced ototoxicity via reducing oxidative stress.

Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol, 2012. 76(1): p. 111-5.



125.Sun, J.C., et al.,

Hydrogen-rich saline promotes survival of retinal ganglion cells in a rat model of optic nerve crush.

PLoS One, 2014. 9(6): p. e99299.



126.Taura, A., et al.,

Hydrogen protects vestibular hair cells from free radicals.

Acta Oto-Laryngologica, 2010. 130: p. 95-100.



127.Tian, L., et al.,

Hydrogen-rich saline ameliorates the retina against light-induced damage in rats.

Med Gas Res, 2013. 3(1): p. 19.



128.Xiao, X., et al.,

Protective effects of hydrogen saline on diabetic retinopathy in a streptozotocin-induced diabetic rat model.

Journal of Ocular Pharmacology and Therapeutics, 2012. 28(1): p. 76-82.



129.Yang, C.X., H. Yan, and T.B. Ding,

Hydrogen saline prevents selenite-induced cataract in rats.

Molecular Vision, 2013. 19: p. 1684-93.



130.Yokota, T., et al.,

Protective effect of molecular hydrogen against oxidative stress caused by peroxynitrite derived from nitric oxide in rat retina.

Clin Experiment Ophthalmol, 2015.



131.Zhou, Y., et al.,

Hydrogen-rich saline alleviates experimental noise-induced hearing loss in guinea pigs.

Neuroscience, 2012. 209: p. 47-53.

132.Aoki, K., et al.,

Is hydrogen gas in water present as bubbles or hydrated form?

Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry, 2012. 668: p. 83-89.



133.Black, J.H.,

Chemistry and cosmology.

Faraday Discussions, 2006. 133: p. 27-32; discussion 83-102, 449-52.



134.Buxton, G.V., et al.,

Critical view of rate constants for reactions of hydrated electrons, hydrogen atoms and hydroxyl radicals (•OH/•OH–) in aqueous solution.

J Phys Chem Ref Data, 1988. 17: p. 513-886.



135.Choi, W.K.,

Investigations of Quantitative Reducibility Determination and Reducibility Variations of Neutral Hydrogen-Dissolved Water by Electrochemical Analysis.

Int. J. Electrochem. Sci, 2014. 9: p. 7266-7276.



136.Donald, W.A., et al.,

Directly relating gas-phase cluster measurements to solution-phase hydrolysis, the absolute standard hydrogen electrode potential, and the absolute proton solvation energy.

Chemistry, 2009. 15(24): p. 5926-34.



137.Ehrenfreund, P., et al.,

Astrophysical and astrochemical insights into the origin of life.

Reports on Progress in Physics, 2002. 65(10): p. 1427-1487.



138.Hamasaki, T., et al.,

Kinetic analysis of superoxide anion radical-scavenging and hydroxyl radical-scavenging activities of platinum nanoparticles.

Langmuir, 2008. 24(14): p. 7354-64.



139.Huber, C. and G. Wachtershauser,

alpha-Hydroxy and alpha-amino acids under possible Hadean, volcanic origin-of-life conditions.

Science, 2006. 314(5799): p. 630-2.



140.Jain, I.P.,

Hydrogen the fuel for 21st century.

International Journal of Hydrogen Energy,



34(17): p. 7368-7378.



141.Kikuchi, K., et al.,

Characteristics of hydrogen nanobubbles in solutions obtained with water electrolysis.

Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry, 2007. 600(2): p. 303-310.



142.Kikuchi, K., et al.,

Hydrogen particles and supersaturation in alkaline water from an Alkali-Ion-Water electrolyzer.

Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry, 2001. 506(1): p. 22-27.



143.Kikuchi, K., et al.,

Hydrogen concentration in water from an Alkali-Ion-Water electrolyzer having a platinum-electroplated titanium electrode.

Journal of Applied Electrochemistry, 2001. 31(12): p. 1301-1306.



144.Klunder, K., et al.,

A Study of Dissolved Gas Dynamics in Mixed Stream Electrolyzed Water.

Electrochemistry, 2012. 80(8): p. 574-577.



145.Kuhlmann, J., et al.,

Fast escape of hydrogen from gas cavities around corroding magnesium implants.

Acta Biomater, 2012.



146.Liu, W., X. Sun, and S. Ohta, Hydrogen Element and Hydrogen Gas. Hydrogen Molecular Biology and Medicine. 2015: Springer Netherlands.



147.Ramachandran, R. and R.K. Menon,

An overview of industrial uses of hydrogen.

International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 1998. 23(7): p. 593-598.



148.Renault, J.P., R. Vuilleumier, and S. Pommeret,

Hydrated electron production by reaction of hydrogen atoms with hydroxide ions: A first-principles molecular dynamics study.

Journal of Physical Chemistry A, 2008. 112(30): p. 7027-7034.



149.Sabo, D., et al.,

Molecular studies of the structural properties of hydrogen gas in bulk water.

Molecular Simulation, 2006. 32(3-4): p. 269-278.



150.Seo, T., R. Kurokawa, and B. Sato,

A convenient method for determining the concentration of hydrogen in water: use of methylene blue with colloidal platinum.

Medical Gas Research, 2012. 2: p. 1.



151.Takenouchi, T., U. Sato, and Y. Nishio,

Behavior of Hydrogen Nanobubbles Generated in Alkaline Electrolyzed Water.

Electrochemistry, 2009. 77(7): p. 521-523.



152.Tanaka, Y., et al.,

Dissolution of hydrogen and the ratio of the dissolved hydrogen content to the produced hydrogen in electrolyzed water using SPE water electrolyzer.

Electrochimica Acta, 2003. 48(27): p. 4013-4019.



153.Zeng, K. and D.K. Zhang,

Recent progress in alkaline water electrolysis for hydrogen production and applications.

Progress in Energy and Combustion Science, 2010. 36(3): p. 307-326.



154.Zheng, Y.F., X.N. Gu, and F. Witte.,

Biodegradable metals.

Materials Science and Engineering: R: Reports, 2014. 77: p. 1-34.

155.Carter, E.A., et al.,

Use of hydrogen gas (H2) analysis to assess intestinal absorption. Studies in normal rats and in rats infected with the nematode, Nippostrongylus brasiliensis.

Gastroenterology, 1981. 81(6): p. 1091-7.



156.Chen, X., et al.,

Lactulose: an effective preventive and therapeutic option for ischemic stroke by production of hydrogen.

Medical Gas Research, 2012. 2: p. 3.



157.Chen, X., et al.,

Lactulose Mediates Suppression of Dextran Sodium Sulfate-Induced Colon Inflammation by Increasing Hydrogen Production.

Dig Dis Sci, 2013.



158.Chen, X., et al.,

Lactulose: an indirect antioxidant ameliorating inflammatory bowel disease by increasing hydrogen production.

Medical Hypotheses, 2011. 76(3): p. 325-7.



159.Christl, S.U., et al.,

Production, metabolism, and excretion of hydrogen in the large intestine.

Gastroenterology, 1992. 102(4 Pt 1): p. 1269-77.



160.Kanazuru, T., et al.,

Role of Hydrogen Generation by Klebsiella pneumoniae in the Oral Cavity.

Journal of Microbiology, 2010. 48(6): p. 778-783.



161.Kayar, S.R., et al.,

Hydrogen Gas Is Not Oxidized by Mammalian-Tissues under Hyperbaric Conditions.

Undersea & Hyperbaric Medicine, 1994. 21(3): p. 265-275.



162.Lee, S.H. and B.K. Choi,

Antibacterial effect of electrolyzed water on oral bacteria.

J Microbiol, 2006. 44(4): p. 417-22.



163.Levitt, M.D.,

Production and Excretion of Hydrogen Gas in Man.

New England Journal of Medicine, 1969. 281(3): p. 122-&.



164.Liu, C., et al.,

Estimation of the hydrogen concentration in rat tissue using an airtight tube following the administration of hydrogen via various routes.

Sci Rep, 2014. 4: p. 5485.



165.Oku, T. and S. Nakamura,

Comparison of digestibility and breath hydrogen gas excretion of fructo-oligosaccharide, galactosyl-sucrose, and isomalto-oligosaccharide in healthy human subjects.

European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 2003. 57(9): p. 1150-1156.



166.Rizkalla, S.W., et al.,

Chronic consumption of fresh but not heated yogurt improves breath-hydrogen status and short-chain fatty acid profiles: a controlled study in healthy men with or without lactose maldigestion.

Am J Clin Nutr, 2000. 72(6): p. 1474-9.



167.Sack, D.A. and C.B. Stephensen,

Liberation of hydrogen from gastric acid following administration of oral magnesium.

Dig Dis Sci, 1985. 30(12): p. 1127-33.



168.Shimouchi, A., et al.,

Molecular hydrogen consumption in the human body during the inhalation of hydrogen gas.

Adv Exp Med Biol, 2013. 789: p. 315-21.



169.Shimouchi, A., et al.,

Estimation of molecular hydrogen consumption in the human whole body after the ingestion of hydrogen-rich water.

Oxygen Transport to Tissue Xxi, 2012. 737: p. 245-50.



170.Shimouchi, A., et al.,

Effect of Dietary Turmeric on Breath Hydrogen.

Digestive Diseases and Sciences, 2009. 54(8): p. 1725-1729.



171.Shimouchi, A., et al.,

Breath Hydrogen Produced by Ingestion of Commercial Hydrogen Water and Milk.

Biomarker Insights, 2009. 4: p. 27-32.



172.Sone, Y., et al.,

Everyday breath hydrogen excretion profile in Japanese young female students.

J Physiol Anthropol Appl Human Sci, 2000. 19(5): p. 229-37.



173.Strocchi, A. and M.D. Levitt,

Maintaining intestinal H2 balance: credit the colonic bacteria.

Gastroenterology, 1992. 102(4 Pt 1): p. 1424-6.



174.Suzuki, Y., et al.,

Are the effects of alpha-glucosidase inhibitors on cardiovascular events related to elevated levels of hydrogen gas in the gastrointestinal tract?

FEBS Letters, 2009. 583(13): p. 2157-9.



175.Tanikawa, R., et al.,

Relationship between Exhaled Hydrogen and Human Neutrophil Function in the Japanese General Population.

Hirosaki Medical Journal, 2015. 65: p. 138-146.



176.Xie, K.L., et al.,

Hydrogen gas improves survival rate and organ damage in zymosan-induced generalized inflammation model.

Shock, 2010. 34(5): p. 495-501.



177.Zhai, X., et al.,

Lactulose ameliorates cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats by inducing hydrogen by activating Nrf2 expression.

Free Radic Biol Med, 2013. 65: p. 731-41.

261.Aoki, K., et al.,

Pilot study: Effects of drinking hydrogen-rich water on muscle fatigue caused by acute exercise in elite athletes.

Medical Gas Research, 2012. 2(1): p. 12.



262.Bittner, A.C., et al.,

Intra-Individual Ergonomics (I2E): Performance Effects of Ultra-Negative-Ion Water.

Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting SAGE Journals, 2007. 55(26): p. 1617-1621.



263.Drid, P., et al., Hydrogen-Rich Water in Judo Training. . Psycho-Physiological, Spiritual and Ethical Aspects), 2013: p. 129.



264.Fujiyama, Y. and T. Kitahora, Alkaline electrolytic water (alkali ions water) for drinking water in medicine. Mizu no Tokusei to Atarashii Riyo Gijutsu, Enu-Ti-Esu, Tokyo, 2004: p. 348-457.



265.Hiraoka, A., et al.,

Effects of drinking a water product with anti-oxidant activities in vitro on the blood levels of biomarker substances for the oxidative stress.

Journal of Health Science, 2006. 52(6): p. 817-820.



266.Huang, K.C., et al.,

Electrolysed-reduced water dialysate improves T-cell damage in end-stage renal disease patients with chronic haemodialysis.

Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation, 2010. 25(8): p. 2730-2737.



267.Huang, K.C., et al.,

Electrolyzed-reduced water reduced hemodialysis-induced erythrocyte impairment in end-stage renal disease patients.

Kidney Int, 2006. 70(2): p. 391-8.



268.Huang, K.C., et al.,

Reduced hemodialysis-induced oxidative stress in end-stage renal disease patients by electrolyzed reduced water.

Kidney Int, 2003. 64(2): p. 704-14.



269.Ishibashi, T., et al.,

Consumption of water containing a high concentration of molecular hydrogen reduces oxidative stress and disease activity in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: an open-label pilot study.

Medical Gas Research, 2012. 2(1): p. 27.



270.Ishibashi, T., et al.,

Therapeutic efficacy of infused molecular hydrogen in saline on rheumatoid arthritis: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled pilot study.

Int Immunopharmacol, 2014. 21(2): p. 468-473.



271.Ito, M., et al.,

Open-label trial and randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover trial of hydrogen-enriched water for mitochondrial and inflammatory myopathies.

Medical Gas Research, 2011. 1(1): p. 24.



272.Kajiyama, S., et al.,

Supplementation of hydrogen-rich water improves lipid and glucose metabolism in patients with type 2 diabetes or impaired glucose tolerance.

Nutrition Research, 2008. 28: p. 137–143.



273.Kang, K.-M., et al.,

Effects of drinking hydrogen-rich water on the quality of life of patients treated with radiotherapy for liver tumors.

Medical Gas Research, 2011. 1: p. 11.



274.Koyama K, T.Y., Saihara Y, Ando D, Goto Y, Katayama A, Effect of hydrogen saturated alkaline electrolyzed water on urinary oxidative stress markers after an acute exercise: A randomized controlled trial. Anti-aging Med, 2008. 4: p. 117-122.



275.Lee, K.J., et al., Effect of electrolyzed-reduced water: in vivo and in vitro examination and clinical trials, in The 3rd Asia Pacific Conference on Evidence-Based Medicine. 2004: Hong Kong.



276.Li, Q., et al.,

Hydrogen water intake via tube-feeding for patients with pressure ulcer and its reconstructive effects on normal human skin cells in vitro.

Med Gas Res, 2013. 3(1): p. 20.



277.Lu, K.C., et al., Electrolyzed reduced water attenuates hemodialysis-induced mononuclear cells apoptosis in end-stage renal disease patients. Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation, 2006. 21: p. 200-201.



278.Matsumoto, S., T. Ueda, and H. Kakizaki,

Effect of supplementation with hydrogen-rich water in patients with interstitial cystitis/painful bladder syndrome.

Urology, 2013. 81(2): p. 226-30.



279.Nagatani, K., et al.,

Safety of intravenous administration of hydrogen-enriched fluid in patients with acute cerebral ischemia: initial clinical studies

. Med Gas Res, 2013. 3: p. 13.



280.Nakao, A., et al.,

Effectiveness of Hydrogen Rich Water on Antioxidant Status of Subjects with Potential Metabolic Syndrome-An Open Label Pilot Study.

Journal of Clinical Biochemistry and Nutrition, 2010. 46(2): p. 140-149.



281.Nakayama, M., et al.,

Biological Effects of Electrolyzed Water in Hemodialysis.

Nephron Clinical Practice, 2009. 112(1): p. C9-C15.



282.Nakayama, M., et al.,

A novel bioactive haemodialysis system using dissolved dihydrogen (H-2) produced by water electrolysis: a clinical trial.

Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation, 2010. 25(9): p. 3026-3033.



283.Ono, H., et al.,

A basic study on molecular hydrogen (H2) inhalation in acute cerebral ischemia patients for safety check with physiological parameters and measurement of blood H2 level.

Medical Gas Research, 2012. 2(1): p. 21.



284.Ono, H., et al.,

Hydrogen(H2) treatment for acute erythymatous skin diseases. A report of 4 patients with safety data and a non-controlled feasibility study with H2 concentration measurement on two volunteers.

Medical Gas Research, 2012. 2(1): p. 14.



285.Ostojic, S.M.,

Molecular Hydrogen in Sports Medicine: New Therapeutic Perspectives.

Int J Sports Med, 2014. (human)



286.Ostojic, S.M. and M.D. Stojanovic,

Hydrogen-rich water affected blood alkalinity in physically active men.

Res Sports Med, 2014. 22(1): p. 49-60.



287.Ostojić, S.M., et al.,

Drinks with alkaline negative oxidative reduction potential improve exercise performance in physically active men and women: Double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, cross-over trial of efficacy and safety.

Serbian journal of sports sciences, 2011. 5(1-4): p. 83-89.



288.Ostojic, S.M., et al.,

Effectiveness of oral and topical hydrogen for sports-related soft tissue injuries.

Postgrad Med, 2014. 126(5): p. 187-95.



289.Shin, M.H., et al.,

Atomic Hydrogen Surrounded by Water Molecules, H(H2O)m, Modulates Basal and UV-Induced Gene Expressions in Human Skin In Vivo.

PLoS One, 2013. 8(4): p. e61696.



290.Song, G., et al.,

Hydrogen rich saline decreases serum LDL-cholesterol levels and improves HDL function in patients with potential metabolic syndrome.

Journal of Lipid Research, 2013. 54(7): p. 1884-93.



291.Takeuchi, S., et al.,

Effects of intravenous infusion of hydrogen-rich fluid combined with intra-cisternal infusion of magnesium sulfate in severe aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial.

BMC Neurol, 2014. 14(1): p. 176.



292.Tashiro, H., et al., Clinical evaluation of alkali-ionized water for chronic diarrhea-placebo-controlled double blind study. Digestion & Absorption, 2000. 23: p. 52-56.



293.Terawaki, H., et al.,

Transperitoneal administration of dissolved hydrogen for peritoneal dialysis patients: a novel approach to suppress oxidative stress in the peritoneal cavity.

Medical Gas Research, 2013. 3(1): p. 14.



294.Xia, C., et al.,

Effect of hydrogen-rich water on oxidative stress, liver function, and viral load in patients with chronic hepatitis B.

Clin Transl Sci, 2013. 6(5): p. 372-5.



295.Yang, E.J., et al.,

A Clinical Trial of Orally Administered Alkaline Reduced Water.

대한의생명과학회지, 2007. 13(2): p. 83-89.



296.Yeung, L.K., et al., Effect of electrolyzed reduced water hemodialysis on peripheral lymphocyte intracellular cytokine expression. Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation, 2006. 21: p. 204-204.



297.Yoritaka, A., et al.,

Pilot study of H(2) therapy in Parkinson's disease: A randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial.

Movement Disorders, 2013.

298.Abe, T., et al.,

Hydrogen-rich University of Wisconsin solution attenuates renal cold ischemia-reperfusion injury.

Transplantation, 2012. 94(1): p. 14-21.



299.Buchholz, B.M., et al.,

Hydrogen inhalation ameliorates oxidative stress in transplantation induced intestinal graft injury.

Am J Transplant, 2008. 8(10): p. 2015-24.



300.Chen, H., et al.,

Hydrogen-rich saline attenuates spinal cord ischemia-reperfusion injury in rabbits.

BMC Neurosci, 2010. 11: p. 44.



301.Fukuda, K., et al.,

Inhalation of hydrogen gas suppresses hepatic injury caused by ischemia/reperfusion through reducing oxidative stress.

Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 2007. 361(3): p. 670-4.



302.Hayashida, K., et al.,

Inhalation of hydrogen gas reduces infarct size in the rat model of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury.

Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 2008. 373(1): p. 30-5.



303.Hayashida, K., et al.,

Hydrogen inhalation during normoxic resuscitation improves neurological outcome after cardiac arrest independently of targeted temperature management in mice.

Circulation, 2014. 130(24): p. 2173-80.



304.Hong, Y., et al.,

Hydrogen-rich saline protects against oxidative stress, apoptosis, and inflammation in a rat model of spinal cord ischemia-reperfusion injury.

Free Radic Biol Med, 2010. 49(6): p. 1050-7.



305.Kawamura, T., et al.,

Hydrogen gas reduces hyperoxic lung injury via the Nrf2 pathway in vivo.

Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol, 2011. 300(5): p. L646-56.



306.Li, J., et al.,

Hydrogen-rich saline improves memory function in a rat model of amyloid-beta-induced Alzheimer's disease by reduction of oxidative stress.

Brain Res, 2010. 1328: p. 152-61.



307.Matsumoto, A., et al.,

Oral 'hydrogen water' induces neuroprotective ghrelin secretion in mice.

Sci Rep, 2013. 3: p. 3273.



308.Nakao, A., et al.,

Hydrogen inhalation protects against acute lung injury induced by hemorrhagic shock and resuscitation.

Surgery, 2005. 138(2): p. 302-11.



309.Ohsawa, I., et al.,

Hydrogen acts as a therapeutic antioxidant by selectively reducing cytotoxic oxygen radicals.

Nat Med, 2007. 13(6): p. 688-94.



310.Shimada, S., et al.,

Hydrogen gas treatment prolongs replicative lifespan of bone marrow multipotential stromal cells in vitro while preserving differentiation and paracrine potentials.

Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 2012. 423(1): p. 143-9.



311.Sun, H., et al.,

Hydrogen-rich saline reduces delayed neurologic sequelae in experimental carbon monoxide toxicity.

Crit Care Med, 2011. 39(4): p. 765-9.



312.Wang, C., et al.,

Hydrogen-rich saline reduces oxidative stress and inflammation by inhibit of JNK and NF-kappaB activation in a rat model of amyloid-beta-induced Alzheimer's disease.

Neurosci Lett, 2011. 491(2): p. 127-32.



313.Xie, K., et al.,

Hydrogen gas improves survival rate and organ damage in zymosan-induced generalized inflammation model.

Shock, 2010. 34(5): p. 495-501.



314.Yoshida, T., et al.,

Hydrogen gas reduces hyperoxic lung injury via the Nrf2 pathway in vivo.

Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol, 2011. 300(5): p. L646-56.

315.Chen, H., et al.,

Hydrogen-rich saline attenuates spinal cord ischemia-reperfusion injury in rabbits.

BMC Neurosci, 2010. 11: p. 44.



316.Huang, K.C., et al.,

Electrolysed-reduced water dialysate improves T-cell damage in end-stage renal disease patients with chronic haemodialysis.

Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation, 2010. 25(8): p. 2730-2737.



317.Huang, K.C., et al.,

Electrolyzed-reduced water reduced hemodialysis-induced erythrocyte impairment in end-stage renal disease patients.

Kidney Int, 2006. 70(2): p. 391-8.



318.Huang, K.C., et al.,

Reduced hemodialysis-induced oxidative stress in end-stage renal disease patients by electrolyzed reduced water.

Kidney Int, 2003. 64(2): p. 704-14.



319.Lu, K.C., et al., Electrolyzed reduced water attenuates hemodialysis-induced mononuclear cells apoptosis in end-stage renal disease patients. Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation, 2006. 21: p. 200-201.



320.Nakayama, M., et al.,

Biological Effects of Electrolyzed Water in Hemodialysis.

Nephron Clinical Practice, 2009. 112(1): p. C9-C15.



321.Nakayama, M., et al.,

A novel bioactive haemodialysis system using dissolved dihydrogen (H-2) produced by water electrolysis: a clinical trial.

Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation, 2010. 25(9): p. 3026-3033.



322.Terawaki, H., et al.,

Transperitoneal administration of dissolved hydrogen for peritoneal dialysis patients: a novel approach to suppress oxidative stress in the peritoneal cavity.

Medical Gas Research, 2013. 3(1): p. 14.



323.Yeung, L.K., et al., Effect of electrolyzed reduced water hemodialysis on peripheral lymphocyte intracellular cytokine expression. Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation, 2006. 21: p. 204-204.

324.Chen, H., et al.,

Hydrogen-rich saline attenuates spinal cord ischemia-reperfusion injury in rabbits.

BMC Neurosci, 2010. 11: p. 44.



325.Fukuda, K., et al.,

Inhalation of hydrogen gas suppresses hepatic injury caused by ischemia/reperfusion through reducing oxidative stress.

Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 2007. 361(3): p. 670-4.



326.Kang, K.-M., et al.,

Effects of drinking hydrogen-rich water on the quality of life of patients treated with radiotherapy for liver tumors.

Medical Gas Research, 2011. 1: p. 11.



327.Xia, C., et al.,

Effect of hydrogen-rich water on oxidative stress, liver function, and viral load in patients with chronic hepatitis B.

Clin Transl Sci, 2013. 6(5): p. 372-5.

328.Kawamura, T., et al.,

Hydrogen gas reduces hyperoxic lung injury via the Nrf2 pathway in vivo.

Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol, 2011. 300(5): p. L646-56.



329.Nakao, A., et al.,

Hydrogen inhalation protects against acute lung injury induced by hemorrhagic shock and resuscitation.

Surgery, 2005. 138(2): p. 302-11.



330.Yoshida, T., et al.,

Hydrogen gas reduces hyperoxic lung injury via the Nrf2 pathway in vivo.

Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol, 2011. 300(5): p. L646-56.

331.Kajiyama, S., et al.,

Supplementation of hydrogen-rich water improves lipid and glucose metabolism in patients with type 2 diabetes or impaired glucose tolerance.

Nutrition Research, 2008. 28: p. 137–143.



332.Nakao, A., et al.,

Effectiveness of Hydrogen Rich Water on Antioxidant Status of Subjects with Potential Metabolic Syndrome-An Open Label Pilot Study.

Journal of Clinical Biochemistry and Nutrition, 2010. 46(2): p. 140-149.



333.Song, G., et al.,

Hydrogen rich saline decreases serum LDL-cholesterol levels and improves HDL function in patients with potential metabolic syndrome.

Journal of Lipid Research, 2013. 54(7): p. 1884-93.

334.Matsumoto, S., T. Ueda, and H. Kakizaki,

Effect of supplementation with hydrogen-rich water in patients with interstitial cystitis/painful bladder syndrome.

Urology, 2013. 81(2): p. 226-30.



335.Ostojic, S.M., et al.,

Effectiveness of oral and topical hydrogen for sports-related soft tissue injuries.

Postgrad Med, 2014. 126(5): p. 187-95.

336.Nagatani, K., et al.,

Safety of intravenous administration of hydrogen-enriched fluid in patients with acute cerebral ischemia: initial clinical studies

. Med Gas Res, 2013. 3: p. 13.



337.Ono, H., et al.,

A basic study on molecular hydrogen (H2) inhalation in acute cerebral ischemia patients for safety check with physiological parameters and measurement of blood H2 level.

Medical Gas Research, 2012. 2(1): p. 21.



338.Takeuchi, S., et al.,

Effects of intravenous infusion of hydrogen-rich fluid combined with intra-cisternal infusion of magnesium sulfate in severe aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial.

BMC Neurol, 2014. 14(1): p. 176.

339.Chen, X., et al.,

Lactulose Mediates Suppression of Dextran Sodium Sulfate-Induced Colon Inflammation by Increasing Hydrogen Production.

Dig Dis Sci, 2013.



340.Chen, X., et al.,

Lactulose: an indirect antioxidant ameliorating inflammatory bowel disease by increasing hydrogen production.

Medical Hypotheses, 2011. 76(3): p. 325-7.



341.Tashiro, H., et al., Clinical evaluation of alkali-ionized water for chronic diarrhea-placebo-controlled double blind study. Digestion & Absorption, 2000. 23: p. 52-56.

342.Chen, H., et al.,

Hydrogen-rich saline attenuates spinal cord ischemia-reperfusion injury in rabbits.

BMC Neurosci, 2010. 11: p. 44.



343.Hong, Y., et al.,

Hydrogen-rich saline protects against oxidative stress, apoptosis, and inflammation in a rat model of spinal cord ischemia-reperfusion injury.

Free Radic Biol Med, 2010. 49(6): p. 1050-7.